Archive for category: works in progress

-TO ADD. (Mythraic Prophesies, and their connection to Judaism)
-BOM prophesies (also Isaiah)
-Kolbrin prophesies.

Several major archeological and textual finds dating to the 2nd and 1st centuries BCE (the “Intertestamental Period”) show that Jewish groups were already interpreting their law, sacrifices, and rituals as a “blueprint” for a suffering or sacrificed Messiah.

These texts provide a “bridge” between the Old and New Testaments, proving that the idea of a sacrificed Messiah wasn’t a later Christian invention, but a pre-existing Jewish expectation.

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1. The Dead Sea Scrolls (The “Pierced Messiah”)

Discovered in 1947, these texts date from roughly 250 BCE to 68 CE. They represent the views of the Essenes, a Jewish sect that viewed the Jerusalem Temple as corrupt and looked for a coming “Teacher of Righteousness.”

• Fragment 4Q285 (The Pierced Messiah Text): This fragment references a “Branch of David” and mentions a “piercing” or “killing.” Scholars have debated the grammar, but many (such as Robert Eisenman) argue it describes a messianic leader who is put to death.¹
• The “Melchizedek” Document (11Q13): This text identifies the coming Messiah with the figure of Melchizedek.² It suggests that this figure would make an “atonement” for the people at the end of the tenth Jubilee, explicitly linking the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) rituals to the Messiah’s coming work.

He will proclaim to them the jubilee, thereby releasing them from the debt of all their sins… Then the “Day of Atonement” shall follow at the end of the tenth jubilee period (490 years), when he shall atone for all the Sons of Light and the people who are predestined to Melchizedek. (11Q13 Melchizedek Scroll)

2. The Similitudes of Enoch (1 Enoch 37–71)

While portions of 1 Enoch date back to 300 BCE, the “Similitudes” are often dated to the 1st Century BCE.

• The “Son of Man”: This text is the first to take the “Son of Man” from Daniel 7 and describe him as a pre-existent, divine being.
• The Sacrifice Motif: It describes this figure as the “Light of the Gentiles” and the “Stay of the Righteous.” More importantly, it hints that he is “hidden” by God until the time of his appearance, where he will undergo a struggle that redeems the elect.

3. The Wisdom of Solomon (2nd Century BCE)

Found in the Apocrypha, this text contains a “prophecy” (Chapter 2) that early Christians found so accurate it was almost haunting.

• The Text: It describes the “Righteous Man” who calls himself the “Child of the Lord.” The wicked decide to test him: “Let us examine him with despitefulness and torture… Let us condemn him with a shameful death.”
• The Point: Jewish writers were already theorizing that a truly “Righteous One” would be rejected and “sacrificed” by the wicked because his life was a “reproach to their thoughts.”

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4. The Melchizedek / “Angel of the Lord” Connection

Several apocryphal texts suggest that the Angel of the Lord (the emanation of YHWH you asked about earlier) was the one who personally instructed Moses on how to set up the Tabernacle rituals.

• The Logic: In the Testament of Levi (part of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, 2nd Century BCE), it is prophesied that a “New Priest” will arise to whom all the “Gentiles” will be gathered.³
• The Sacrifice: This text suggests that the animal sacrifices in the Temple were merely temporary “reminders” until the True High Priest arrived to open the gates of Paradise.

5. Summary of Pre-Christian Messianic Themes

Text	Date	Messianic “Shadow”
Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q285)	~100 BCE	A Davidic leader who is “pierced” or “killed.”
11QMelchizedek	~100 BCE	The Messiah performing a final “Atonement.”
Wisdom of Solomon	~150 BCE	The “Child of God” undergoing a “shameful death.”
Testament of Levi	~2nd Century BCE	A New Priest who replaces animal sacrifice with himself.

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Why this supports the “Jewish Correction”

These texts show that the “Hebrew” view of the law was not just a list of rules. To these ancient Jews, every lamb, every altar, and every vestment was a “type” or “shadow” of a living Person.

When the “Gentile” church later codified the Trinity, they focused on What God is (substance). These older Jewish texts focus on Who God is through What He Does (Sacrifice and Atonement).

Would you like me to look specifically at the Book of Jubilees? It dates to the 2nd century BCE and contains a very detailed explanation of how the Passover points to a cosmic redemption

MAN:33:17 In the Book of the Bearers of Light is written: ‘Osireh says to those about him, “I am the first among lightbearers. I am the one instructed by The Great God, I am the one with knowledge concerning the building of the first Shrine of Mysteries. I, alone of those now upon Earth, hold the key to the Sacred Mysteries. I know the secret of things that are past, of things that are and of things that are to be.
MAN:33:18 God says to Osireh, “Behold the land before you, it is a chosen land for safeguarding the Sacred Mysteries. Out of its womb shall come the Child of Truth. which shall die and rise again to lead men in the struggle to glory. In the Day of his rising, the Earth will be distressed and know it not. Nor will it open its arms to the Child, which will go unrecognised and even be despised and mocked. Yet, in that day will be produced a salve to heal the scars of mankind. In that day, when men shall have forgotten the way of righteousness and turned from Truth. the light will come unto them.” These words were spoken by God. (Kolbrin, Manuscripts-Annexed Scroll#1)

An example of quotes from 300’s BC from Greek historian Theopompus showing that BEFORE the time of Christ, the concept of a Millennium where Satan is bound already existed. As well as the concept that the Zodiac or Precession cycle was baked into the cultural religions, and that it was split into 3000 year periods, each ruled by a ‘god’ or dispensation head of some sort.

They have also many stories to relate concerning the gods, for example that Horomazes… created six gods, the first three deities respectively of good-will, truth, and orderliness, the others of wisdom, wealth, and a good conscience. By the latter rivals as it were to these were formed of equal number. Then Horomazes extended himself to thrice his stature as far beyond the sun as the sun is beyond the earth, and adorned the heaven with stars, appointing one star, Sirius, as guardian and watcher before all. He made also other twenty-four gods and placed them in an egg, but Areimanius produced creatures of equal number and these crushed the egg . . . wherefore evil is mingled with good. At the appointed time however Areimanius must be utterly brought to nought and destroyed by the pestilence and famine which he has himself caused, and the earth will be cleared and made free from obstruction, the habitation of a united community of men dwelling in happiness and speaking one tongue. Theopompus further reports that according to the magi for three thousand years in succession each of the gods holds sway or is in subjection, and that there will follow on these a further period of three thousand years of war and strife, in which they mutually destroy the works of one another. Finally Hades will be overthrown, and men will be blessed, and will neither need nourishment nor cast a shadow. And the deity who has accomplished these things will then take rest and solace for a period that is not long, especially for a god, and moderate for a sleeping man. To this effect then is the legendary account given by the magi. (Plutarch ca. 100 A.D. Cumont, ii, p.33-36, De Iside et Osiride, ch. 46. Theopompus lived in the 4th c. B.C.)

He fashioned Time of Long Dominion as the first creation that was infinite. Before the Mixture, the perpetuity of Ohrmazd was fashioned finite from the infinite. For from the primal creation, when he created the creatures, to the end, when the Evil Spirit will become powerless, there is a measure of twelve thousand years, which is finite…

On the Fashioning of the Lights

These are excerpts from The Bundahišn, The Zoroastrian Book of Creation. (Domenico Thrope Translation, Oxford Press). As you can see it is DEEPLY steeped in astronomical ideas mixed with religion, and tied in with the precessionary cycle cut into 3,000 year segments. Note the FIXED stars are EXACTLY the same as what Joseph smith wrote in the Egyptian translation book

He fashioned Time of Long Dominion as the first creation that was infinite. Before the Mixture, the perpetuity of Ohrmazd was fashioned finite from the infinite. For from the primal creation, when he created the creatures, to the end, when the Evil Spirit will become powerless, there is a measure of twelve thousand years, which is finite…

1 Ohrmazd fashioned the lights and set them between the sky and the earth: the “fixed” stars (constelations) and the wandering stars (planets), then the moon, and last the sun. 2 This is how: First, he fashioned the firmament and set the “fixed” stars in it, foremost among them the twelve signs of the Zodiac called Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. These are further divided and reckoned in twenty-seven lunar mansions that are called Padēwar. 5 He appointed four generals over those stars, one for each of the four directions, and he appointed a single general over these four. He appointed many well-known, counted 1 stars, in every direction and everywhere, with the aim to invigorate and strengthen the stars. 6 As itsays: “Sirius is the general of the east, Deneb is the general of the south, Vega is the general of the west, and Ursa Major is the general of the north.” Polaris, which they call “the stake 2 in the center of the sky,” is the supreme general. The star Pārand, the star Mazdā-dād, and others of this kind are also district commanders. 7 Astronomers now call these inerrantes stars, and instead of “large,” “small,” and “medium,” they use the expressions “first magnitude,” “second magnitude,” and “third magnitude.” On the Fashioning of the Lights. 8 He established the firmament like the year: the twelve constellations are like the twelve months, and each constellation has thirty degrees, just as each month has thirty days. 9 He appointed Ursa Major in the north, where hell would be established after the Adversary’s onslaught. In order to arrange the continents during the Mixture (movement), a band ties each of the seven [haft/attached] continents to it. That is the reason why it is called Ursa Major [Haftōring]. 10 Ohrmazd established the sphere of the stars like a spinning wheel, so that during the Mixture (nightly movement) it would keep revolving. 11 He fixed other, unmixable (unmoving) stars above these, so that when the Adversary came they could repel him in battle and keep him from carrying his pollution higher up. He appointed the Glory of the good Mazdā-worshiping dēn as general over them. That place is called “the core of the battle,” the manifestation of purity in the Mixture. The reason why they are called unmixable (unmovable) stars is because the Adversary did not pollute them. Astronomers call this “the sphere above the sphere.” This sphere has no reckoning and progression, for they cannot observe in the pure ones any characteristics of the mixable ones. 12 Above that he fashioned the moon in which the seed of cattle is stored, 13 and above that the sun whose horses are swift. 14 He appointed the sun and moon as captains of the mixable and unmixable stars; that is, they are all bound to the sun and moon. 15 Above the sun he fashioned the place of the Amahraspands, which are fastened to the endless light, the throne of Ohrmazd. 16 These are the six stations of the six creations (planets), corresponding to the six material creations.. 15 Again, a period of six thousand years elapsed before the Adversary came: three thousand years in a spiritual state and three thousand years in a pure material state. Those six thousand years were from Aries to Virgo, each constellation ruling one thousand years.

Cosmic history is thus divided into four periods of three thousand years each. (On the chronolology of arabs of twelve thousand years)

In other words, they saw the most important astronomical cycles as 1. The 24,000 year precession cycle. 2. The precession cut in half as a summer and winter or 12,000 each. 3. Then those halfs cut into quarters or FOUR periods of 3,000 years. So in all they cut the 24k precession INTO EIGHT SEGMENTS. They overlaid 8 onto 12. Or the Lunar cycle onto the Solar.

Summary of Key Sources with 3,000-Year Cycles

1. Bundahishn (Zoroastrian cosmological text):
   • Describes four periods of 3,000 years each, divided into phases of creation, conflict, and ultimate restoration.
2. The Yashts (Zoroastrian liturgical texts):
   • These texts describe the long duration of time when the forces of good and evil are in opposition, culminating in the final victory of Ahura Mazda.
3. Pahlavi Texts (Middle Persian Zoroastrian scriptures):
   • References to long cosmic cycles of 3,000 years, spiritual struggle, and eventual cosmic renewal.
4. The Shahnameh (Persian epic):
   • Though not directly a Zoroastrian text, it incorporates Zoroastrian motifs of divine rule and the cyclical rise and fall of divine reigns, influenced by the broader Zoroastrian cosmological view.

The following evidence is taken not only from archaeological evidence found at sites like La Venta, Chalcatzingo, Izapa, Tucson, Chaco, etc… But from MANY obscure ancient histories which are now being translated to English and finding exposure through the internet. Book like the Lenape (Delaware Indian) Wallam Olum or ‘Red Record‘, ixtlilxochitl’s Histories, the Harleian genealogies and the Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd (The Descent of the Men of the North), compiles into genealogic histories at wikitree.com, and geni.com (with an incredible number of cited medieval sources, see Theodoric I De Toulouse for instance) extensive excerpts and Jewish information coming from books like ‘A history of the Jews in Babylonia v. later Sasanian times‘ by Jacob Neusner and the Sassinid/Muslim Ibn Khordadbeh’s voluminous history, The Book of Roads and Kingdoms. Much is also pulled from obscure medieval mythologies such as Chrétien de Troyes’s unfinished writings of the adventures of Perceval & the Grail. (The Fisher King for instance). There are also uncountable obscure old Jewish histories (some spurious and some verified), which have been woven together by authors like Cecil Roth (who published some 600 histories).

OUTLINE OF SOLID EVIDENCE FOR PRECOLUMBIAN GLOBAL TRADE

• Unmistakable Old World motifs in La Venta Monument 19 & Izapa Stela
• The Jewish Radhanite Trade Guild from the writings of
• The story of Prince Madoc
• The writings of Brendon the Navigator
• Evidence of Pre-Viking rhunic inscriptions in America
• The Tucson Artifacts: more evidence of Toltec/Frankish alliance & colonization
• The writings of Ixtlilxochitl (three groups, validate much of the Tucson artifacts)
• The Toluca Etruscan figurine and Roman architecture in Mitla & Teotihuacan
• The Kolbrin account of Jewish/Egyptian global trade network (much like Radhanite accounts)

Note that the linchpin that these histories rest on is the idea that the Mideviel Jewish merchant shipping guild, The Radhanites (extensively documented by the ninth century Babylonian historian Ibn Khordadbeh) began as early as the Phoenician alliance between King Hyrum of the Phoenician and Solomon. And that by the middle ages this group maintained a global trade network that became seated in the Jewish Kingdom of Septimania (Languedoc-Roussillon, Rhone River ports in Southern France) and Jewish adjacent Khazar State (centered in Ukraine, Russia/Armenia & Kazakhstan) of the same era. Note the Jewish names and records of the kings of these dynasties are clear in their roles as exilarchs to the Babylonian Jewish center.

Research of Dr. Nathaniel Jeanson

Many of these ideas are being explored by Harvard educated Nathaniel Jeanson. Still dismissed by most mainstream academic educations, well educated professors like Dr Jeanson are relegated to private fringe religious institutions to continue their research. But the concepts are incredibly interesting and worth consideration.

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Research by Donald Yates

Donald N Yates builds on the ideas of professor Jeanson giving a great introduction of these preColumbian new world incursions in the introduction to his book ‘Merchant Adventurer Kings of Rhoda’ (text available in the preview of Amazon, or a bit more available on his site at calalus.com).

calalus.com

Introduction
“Extraordinary events were taking place in the year 775. Baghdad was the capital of the world,
which formed, for the first time in history, an international ecumene, a unified trading zone. At
this exact moment, a group of Gallo-Roman traders and Frankish expeditionary forces including
Jews from Brittany, Wales, and Gaul called Rhadanites or Rhodanites set sail from Rome’s port
to voyage to Egypt, Palestine and Persia, seeking the fabled riches of Terra Incognita beyond
India and China. Jews everywhere looked for the appearance of the Messiah: It was seven
hundred years after the fall of Jerusalem and destruction of the Jewish state under the Romans.
Now the Holy Land was a protectorate under Charlemagne, the son of Pepin. Commerce was
booming. Knowledge and science were about to enter upon a renaissance. The Papal States
sprang into existence, to last another thousand years.
Charlemagne had just conquered Italy and allied himself with both the Byzantines and the
Abbasid Caliphate. The illiterate, six-foot-tall, squeaky-voiced Frank, who adopted the name
David and was to go through as many wives and concubines as his biblical namesake, was thirty
years old. A steely leader, he had a brilliant career of ruthless conquests and canny political
maneuvers before him, one that would make him the first Holy Roman Emperor and earn him
the title in posterity of Father of Europe as well as insure his place as the foremost hero in the
nascent epic literature of France, Italy, Spain and Germany, the so-called Matter of France, or
chansons de geste.
Mercantile empires were forming in Central Asia. Revolution had toppled the Umayyad
caliphate, replacing it with the Abbasids under Al-Mansur. Baghdad was considered the world’s
most powerful and sophisticated metropolis. Harun Al-Rashid would found the famed House of
Wisdom there, a research center to rival the ancient library at Alexandria. The Tang Dynasty
ruled in China and soon reached the zenith of its innovative and creative contributions to world
civilization. Both the Tang capital and their major port at Canton numbered over a million
inhabitants within their city walls.
By 900, much of this cultural and economic upsurge was gone, erased by the hand of history
in catastrophic developments that swept the Christian as well as Arab world and extended from
West to the East. As the elderly Oliver in Calalus signed the last entries and inscribed his final
surviving words on artifacts exhumed in Arizona more than a millennium later, civil war gripped
the Toltec colonies in ancient Mexico. Violent northern tribes wiped out Roman Rhoda in a
single day.
The Tang Dynasty fell. The Abbasid Caliphate slipped into decline amid success and
dissension. The squabbling heirs of Charlemagne tore apart his empire with bloody feuds while
murderous bands of armed nobles trampled peace underfoot in city and countryside. The Papacy
became a sewer of corruption and depravity, entering its lowest point. Judaism was riven with
internal schism and apostasy, while anti-Jewish tendencies swelled to alarming proportions
among Christians, to peak during the First Crusade. Viking and Muslim raids laid waste most of
Europe. There followed a century, as it has been called, without writing, without recordkeeping,
in Western Europe and large parts of the world. Latin decayed, morphing eventually into French,
Italian and Spanish, its place taken in barbarian lands by German, Anglo-Saxon and other
previously unknown tongues.
Climate change buried the Tucson Artifacts under a six-foot mudslide on the Santa Cruz river.
Trade ground to a halt and the sea lanes to China and across the Pacific Ocean stagnated and
slowed. The new Dark Ages would not begin to lift until after the year 1000, which most of Christendom expected to usher in the Resurrection and last judgment of souls. If the end did not
come as expected, the new Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim’s razing of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
and destruction of all churches, monasteries, manuscripts, synagogues and Torah scrolls in 1009
sent a thunderclap throughout the West as resounding as the sack of Rome by the Goths in 410.
The story of merchant-adventurer Jews active in pre-Columbian America must be understood
against the backdrop of early medieval history and cross-cultural perspectives. Although they
called themselves Romans, and the first three kings came from France, these long-distance
voyagers were part of an international trading world that extended from Far West to Far East,
touching points in Arabia, Africa, India, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The founders of
Rhoda spoke Frankish, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, and Slavonic, as noted by the
Arab geographer Ibn Kurradadhbah in his famous description of them as Rhadanites. This term
can be traced to Rhodes (Isle of Roses), the source of important colonies and all commercial law
in the ancient Mediterranean. The present ―reader‖ offers an eclectic selection of texts and
documents aimed at illuminating some of the cultural interconnections and economic horizons.
Most readings are excerpts translated from Latin, but some are taken Arab, Hebrew, Old French,
and even Chinese sources. They range from a Buddhist monk’s description of Fu-Sang, early
church councils and the emperor Justinian’s codification of Roman civil law in the early sixth
century to Arab geographers and copper plates of Indian rulers in ninth century Kerala. With the
notable exception of the Book of Josippon, a prime Hebrew historical source, which was
composed in the eleventh century, a good many of these collateral texts coincide with and are
contemporaneous with the very time frame of the Tucson Artifacts. Four accounts of the
coronation of Charlemagne in Latin sources relate to the year 800, mentioned on the Great Cross.
The Carolingian embassy to Harun Al-Rashid and inventory of hostels and churches in
Jerusalem come from the same period. So too the charming tale preserved by Notker the
Stammerer of Charlemagne’s identification of a Viking longboat in Narbonne, which we reprise
here as proof that Breton merchantmen traded in the Mediterranean as well as ships owned by
Jews.”

You can get a bit more info on this book here.

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Writings of Nezir Katan (the Monk)

Far more detail into the story that can be woven from these texts (albeit more speculative and less well referenced. Much of the following quotes are excerpts from Nezir Katan’s blog calalus.blogspot.com. Nezir Katan is a Monastic Catholic Jew who has done historical research for more than 40 years in the ancient Jewish records, as well as modern books by others interested in the same topics. He was educated in Western Australia and now lives in New Zealand as part of a community of monks. He lives out of the public eye and wishes for no recognition or notoriety. His work has been published by others in a two volume work available here on Amazon. (An excerpt of the sourced published work can be read here).

[Nezir Katan lives as a Monk in Lower Sandy Bay Tasmania in a Jewish Catholic commune called “The Little Eucharistic Brothers of Divine Will”. (Part of of the “Apostles of Perpetual Adoration“). Which began in Perth at St Bernadette’s Parish on May 13 2013 by a Father Doug Harris. They moved to the Sandy Bay Parish in Tasmania in 2014, led by parish priest Father Michael Tate and then to Taroona where they rented the presbytery of St Pius X Church (part of the Sandy Bay Parish) and attend St Mary of the Cross (McKillop) in Ranelagh at the invitation of a Father Tate. (background here)]

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“In the 1920’s in Tucson Arizona were found objects and writings in Latin, Greek and Hebrew with both Catholic and Jewish ritual objects and symbols. Cyclone Covey describes this discovery in his book “Calalus: A Roman Jewish colony in America from the time of Charlemagne through Alfred the Great”. Covey and other researchers are amazed at the mixture of Jewish, Christian and Kabbalistic objects and symbols. 

However, this very much fits this period in the 8th century when in the Carolingian Empire there is a Jewish Principality in southern France called Septimania ruled by Theodoric of Narbonne (Makhir Todros ben Judah/Magnario/Aimeri/Amer) [born 710 died or abdicated 765]. Many members of this family descended from the Exilarchs of Babylon embraced a Jewish form of Catholicism while other members remained outwardly orthodox Jews.

https://calalus.blogspot.com
https://aronbengilad.blogspot.com
https://perpetualadoration13.blogspot.com
https://aronbengilad.blogspot.com

Best Background articles can be found here: https://aronbengilad.blogspot.com/2025/05/brother-gilbert-josephs-zoom-classes-on.html Also: https://calalus.blogspot.com/2023/12/i-have-recently-read-couple-of-articles.html Also his schooling here: https://calalus.blogspot.com/2023/12/caltic-and-semitic-languages-similarites.html And his interesting condensed time timeline here: https://calalus.blogspot.com/2023/12/new-radical-redating-of-ancient-hebrew.html
(its possible that Nezir is just some rando, reposting Brother Gilbert Joseph’s stuff)

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Examples of Ancient Place Name Shifting

One of Nezir’s main premises is that ancient authors wrote commonly of the New World, but translators have, because of bias, failed to see the ancient names as New World places and thus they have been ascribed to Old World locations. One example is the dual usage of the place name ‘Laurentia’, a place commonly referring to America from early times, but reassigned to West Italy by renaissance translators. For instance, Livy uses the term in his history written around 10 AD.

Similar misfortunes led to Aeneas becoming a wanderer, but the Fates were preparing a higher destiny for him. He first visited Macedonia, then was carried down to Sicily in quest of a settlement; from Sicily he directed his course to the Laurentian territory. Here, too, the name of Troy is found, and here the Trojans disembarked, and as their almost infinite wanderings had left them nothing but their arms and their ships, they began to plunder the neighbourhood. The Aborigines, who occupied the country, with their king Latinus at their head, came hastily together from the city and the country districts to repel the inroads of the strangers by force of arms….
Ascanius was succeeded by his son Silvius, who…planted a number of colonies: the colonists were called Prisci Latini. (Writings of Livy, Book 1)

Was this reference citing a location in Western Italy near modern Castel Fusano (ancient Ostia and Lavinium), or is Livy talking about a far away place in America?

Another example is Pliny who wrote around 50 AD about the islands beyond Britain and Iceland to a land called Thule with a Frozen sea which sounds a LOT like the Hudson Bay.

Opposite to this coast is the island called Britannia, so celebrated in the records of Greece and of our own country…
This last island is situate beyond Britannia… The most remote of all that we find mentioned is Thule, in which, as we have previously stated, there is no night at the summer solstice, when the sun is passing through the sign of Cancer, while on the other hand at the winter solstice there is no day. Some writers are of opinion that this state of things lasts for six whole months together. Timæus the historian says that an island called Mictis is within six days’ sail of Britannia, in which white load is found [ferrosilicon?]; and that the Britons sail over to it in boats of osier [willow], covered with sewed hides. There are writers also who make mention of some other islands, Scandia namely, Dumna, Bergos, and, greater than all, Nerigos, from which persons embark for Thule. At one day’s sail from Thule is the frozen ocean, which by some is called the Cronian Sea. (Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. Book 4 ch 30, 77 AD)

Just prior to the above quote, Pliny accurately mentions Britain’s size and circumference, before explaining that the Greeks are well acquainted with the land. And in our day it takes 4-5 days to sail from Britain/Scotland to Iceland which we can assume is the ‘Mictis’ mentioned by Pliny. But the other islands beyond are surely Greenland with ‘Nerigos‘, the greatest of all being the Canadian mainland among the islands of Baffin Bay. (which are literally as close to Greenland as Iceland).

So if the Greeks and Romans during Pliny’s time (around 2000 years ago!) knew of Greenland and America, is it hard to imagine that since Roman times, the place name Amorica might have been wrongly ascribed to north Gual/France instead of the New Word (the name actually predating the common fallacy that America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, but instead was known as America by the secretive trade guilds that occasionally visited it).

For instance is it so far fetched then to assume that when Pliny mentions the land of Aremorica (later Amorica), that the reason why he confuses it with “Aquitanian Gaul” in northern France is because he is reading about it in older Greek records and confusing this land “beyond” the sea with that “across” the sea. (see Pliny Book 4 ch. 31).

This isn’t so unbelievable given Pliny’s mention of Greenland and likely America and that the Greek Plato, was speaking of Atlantis (mostly likely America) as early as 400 BC! Listen to the language Plato uses to describe this mythical far off place…

For it is related in our records how once upon a time your State stayed the course of a mighty host, which, starting from a distant point in the Atlantic ocean, was insolently advancing to attack the whole of Europe, and Asia to boot. For the ocean there was at that time navigable; for in front of the mouth which you Greeks call, as you say, ‘the pillars of Heracles,’ there lay an island which was larger than Libya and Asia together; and it was possible for the travelers of that time to cross from it to the other islands, and from the islands to the whole of the continent over against them which encompasses that veritable ocean. For all that we have here, lying within the mouth of which we speak, is evidently a haven having a narrow entrance; but that yonder is a real ocean, and the land surrounding it may most rightly be called, in the fullest and truest sense, a continent. Now in this island of Atlantis there existed a confederation of kings, of great and marvelous power, which held sway over all the island, and over many other islands also and parts of the continent. And moreover of the lands here within the Straits they ruled over Libya as far as Egypt, and over Europe as far as Tuscany. So this host, being all gathered together, made an attempt one time to enslave by one single onslaught both your country and ours and the whole of the territory within the Straits. And then it was, Solon, that the manhood of your State showed itself conspicuous for valor and might in the sight of all the world. For it stood pre-eminent above all in gallantry and all warlike arts, and acting partly as leader of the Greeks, and partly standing alone by itself when deserted by all others, after encountering the deadliest perils, it defeated the invaders and reared a trophy; whereby it saved from slavery such as were not as yet enslaved, and all the rest of us who dwell within the bounds of Heracles it ungrudgingly set free. But at a later time there occurred portentous earthquakes and floods, and one grievous day and night befell them, when the whole body of your warriors was swallowed up by the earth, and the island of Atlantis in like manner was swallowed up by the sea and vanished; wherefore also the ocean at that spot has now become impassable and unsearchable… (Plato. “Timaeus”. Section 24e-25a.)

These accounts are soon followed by more transoceanic tales, such as that of Brenden the Navigator in the fifth century who is known for his legendary voyage to find the “Isle of the Blessed” which is sometimes referred to as “Saint Brendan’s Island” (America). The written narrative of his journey comes from the immram Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis (Voyage of Saint Brendan the Abbot).

The Saint Brendan Society celebrates the belief that Brendan was the first European to reach North America. Tim Severin demonstrated that it is possible for a leather-clad boat such as the one described in the Navigatio to reach North America. The Navigatio was known widely in Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Maps of Christopher Columbus’ time often included an island denominated Saint Brendan’s Isle that was placed in the western Atlantic Ocean.

Paul Chapman argues that Christopher Columbus learned from the Navigation that the currents and winds would favour westbound travel by a southerly route from the Canary Islands, and eastbound travel by a more northerly route on the return, and hence followed this itinerary on all of his voyages. (Wikipedia, Brenden the Navigator)

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Calalus artifacts from Tucson

The Calalus records speak of a Theodorus as the leader of many peoples who leave the Roman lands for Calalus in 775 AD. Covey and others believe that Theodorus is a Jewish leader in the city of Rome. However this is a too literal reading of the term Rome. Theodorus is none other than the Jewish King of Septimania – a Roman Jewish state in southern France. He is the son of the first Jewish King of Septimania also called Theodoric (Theuderic/Thierry/Aimeri de Narbonne/ Makhir Todros). Theodorus (Dietrich/Theodoric/Amery l’Chetif/Nehemiah/Namon/ Aumer ben Aumer) is also known as Theodoric King of Saxony and as Namus Duke of Bavaria. 

He and his brothers were great Warrior Davidic princes of the time of Charlemagne. Professor Arthur Zuckerman in his book “A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France” confuses him with his father who bears the same Frankish names of Theuderic and Aimeri. On the death or abdication of his father Makhir Theodoric in about 765 AD Nehemiah Theodoric becomes the Western Exilarch and leader of all the Jews of the revived Western Roman Empire of Charlemagne.

In 775 AD Nehemiah Theodoric reconquered the American Empire of Calalus. Calalus was ruled by the ‘Silvanus Tolteczus’ [Solomon the Builder] the hereditary ruler of this former Jewish ruled Roman colony. Calalus was re-founded in the 1st century BC by the Babylonian Exilarch known as Silvanus Ogam or Silvanus Brabo (Solomon II Babylonian Exilarch, Nasi of Mara, Ruler of Sumer (Somerset) in Britain) a great Roman Jewish ruler, soldier and ancestor of the Swan Knights (Barbur haKatzin). 

He also had a fleet of trading vessels known as the ships of Solomon or the Swan boats. The ships are shaped like a Swan with its sails like the wings of a beautiful gliding white Swan. After the defeat of the Silvanus Toltezus the members of the Royal Family were sent back to Europe where they were under the protection of Nehemiah Theodorus and his family. 

The legends of Doon and Ogier are based on the activities of this family descended from Duon (Duon) Antigoon (Ogier) and Silvanus Brabo (Solomon Barbur). The legends of Ogier the Dane [son of Godfred (Cadrod)] and Doon de Mayence actually refer to the Tuatha de Danaan or Dunann who are also known as the Mananaan or Maine of America where the giant Ogre heads of the Olmec are found. The Irish legend of Regamon also allude to this family.

The Jews of this ancient Roman Jewish Kingdom of Rhoda were also known as the Rhodans or Radhanites and were great Jewish merchants who controlled the ancient trade routes. The Rhone Valley and river were named after these Jewish Radhanite merchants who used the Rhone Valley as a base for their trading empire. 

Many of them settled in Ireland in the first centuries AD uniting with their cousins descended from St Joseph of Arimathea. Isaac Kalonymus the son of Nehemiah Theodoric [of Ripaurien] was also known as Isaac the Radhanite. Ibn Khordadbeh’s account of the Radhanites stresses their source somewhere beyond the Western Sea and the land of the Franks.

In the fifth century Calalus was part of the Revived Western Empire of King Arthur a descendant of the Swan Knights. By the eighth century due to admixture with the American Indians the state had reverted to paganism. Nehemiah Theodorus led an expedition in 775 to return Calalus to Jewish and Roman rule. He conquered the ancient city of Rhoda and the Jewish law was restored. 

After 4 years in 779 AD Nehemiah Theodorus left Calalus for his kingdom in France which he had left in the hands of his brother Guillame de Gellone (Mar Nathan Kalonymus)[b.739 d.812). He then appointed a British Davidic Prince Jacob as the Jewish King of Calalus as regent for his young son Israel who was married to Jacob’s daughter. Jacob was a descendant of King Arthur as well as the Jewish Royal family of Bernicia. Jacob was the leader of the British Jewish settlers in Calalus. The Roman Jewish Settlers of Calalus in the 8th century were made up of two main groups – the Latin Jewish group from the Frankish Empire and the British Jewish group from the British Isles.

Nehemiah Theodoric ha Makhiri reigned in Germany until his death in 790 AD. He was one of Charlemagne’s leading advisers. He learnt about the land of Calalus from Gerard a member of the Swan Knight family that came to Charlemagne’s court in a Swan boat. He married Adalis a daughter of Nehemiah (aka Duke Namon). The Swan Knight’s ancestors had come to Ireland from Calalus in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD and intermarried with the descendants of Nathan the Red (Nathan the Rhodan) a grandson of Mar Joseph of Arimathea. 

Mar Joseph was a grandson of Silvanus Ogam or Brabo (Barbur) the great Roman Jewish warrior who defeated the giant American Emperor of Ogam or Ogier called Druon Antigoon in later European legends. Druon means oak and describes the stature of Antigoon. The Ogam script was named for Silvanus Ogam (Solomon II/ Shalom/ Sulam/ Selim/ Silvius/Salvius /Salvo)who brought it from America to Europe. Ogam or Ogham is the legendary home of the Ogres and I believe that they refer to the Olmec culture of Mexico.

Mar Joseph’s grandson Nathan had travelled to America with his kinsman Nathaniel Bar Tolmai (St. Bartholomew). Nathaniel was a grandson of Silvanus Ogam the Jewish ruler of Calalus. Solomon II ben Nathan I Zisutra was succeeded as Babylonian Exilarch by his son Nathan II Ukba, as Ruler of Somerset and the tin mines by his son Mar Chunya the father of Mar Joseph of Arimathea and as Ruler of Calalus by his son Mar Tolmai ha Barbur the father of St. Bartholomew. St. Bartholomew is remembered in America as Quetzalcoatl the white bearded priest. His son Eliud ha Barbur was the father of Silvanus Tolmai the ruler of Atala (America) and the Lord Master (Baal) of Anahuac/Anu (Mexico) and Calalus (North America).

On Nehemiah Theodorus’ return to the Frankish Roman Empire in 779 he left his brother as the Jewish ruler of Septimania and he became the Jewish ruler of the German lands of Bavaria and Saxony in Germany under Charlemagne’s authority. His son Isaac Kalonymus (also called William of Gellone like his uncle) later in life with his wife became Catholics and he is remembered as St William of Gellone. He has been confused with his uncle Nathan Kalonymus (b.739 d.812) who was also known as William of Gellone and Toulouse who was involved in fighting the Muslims. 

St William Isaac of Gellone and Toulouse (b.755 d.814 as a monk) as a new Christian went to visit his brother Israel I of Calalus and converted him to his mystical Jewish brand of Catholicism as practiced by the royal and noble families of Western Europe. Israel I had become the King of Calalus in 785 AD on the death of his father-in-law Jacob. In 800 AD Isaac Kalonymus and his two converted brothers Benjamin and Judah went to reinforce the colony with 700 soldiers. 

Israel I and many of the people embraced Catholicism under the teaching of the three converso brothers of the Makhiri dynasty (Magnarvm). Israel I established his brothers as High Priests of Calalus. From this time Calalus becomes a Jewish Catholic state with a ritual and spirituality derived from both Jewish and Catholic sources. Israel I Guriat reigned for 67 years until 852 AD when he was succeeded by his son Israel II (852-858). St William Isaac of Gellone was two years in America (800-802) which was also known as the Isles of Barzel (Iron/Brazil) and from this time he also was known as Barzillai or Barzelay.

Israel II ha Magnarvm (Merfyn/Merwan/Mermin/Makhiri) spend some of his earlier years in Septimania and Wales where his son Israel Septimus (or Israel the Septimani) was born in 832 AD. Israel II as Merfyn became King of Gwynedd in 825 in right of his mother the granddaughter and heiress of King Cynan. In 844 Merfyn left Wales for Septimania with his other children, leaving his son Mar Jacob ha Rhodri as King of Gwynedd. He was known as Rhodri Mawr. 

Israel Merfyn returned to Calalus (which was called Manaan in Wales) and succeeded his father as Israel II. Israel III Septimus became King of Calalus in 858 at the age of 26. He fought many battles and later he granted the conquered pagan Tolteczas independence in 880. He was deposed by the Sanhedrin of Calalus and his son Israel IV replaced him and Israel III was banished. 

Israel IV began a campaign of war against the Tolteczas that would lead to the eventual end of the colony in the 10th century. The descendants of Israel III Septimus’ son Isaac became the Priest-Kings of the Toltecs who moved south to Mexico. They abolished the human sacrifices of the natives but they were restored (c.1018) after the Rhodans left America.

Another Nehushtan of Calalus

Israel III went south to the Toltec lands of Mexico and his grandson Makhir/Americ (Meurig in the Welsh genealogies /Mixcoatl of the Toltecs) was the grandfather of Topiltzin (Israel VII/Idwal) priest of Quetzalcoatl who left Cholula for Rhoda in about 1000 AD. He rejoined the remnant of the Rhodans who he led east and then back to Europe and some of the Latin Jewish Rhodans settled in North Western Spain where as trained Warriors they were welcomed in the fight to preserve the freedom of North Western Spain from the Muslims. 

Rhodrigo El Cid was Topiltzin’s great-grandson. Topiltzin’s son was called Lain Calvo (Lancelin of Calalus/Lachlan/Llewellyn). Rhodrigo El Cid and his father Diego Lainez (Jacob) married into the Davidic Exilarch family of Barcelona and Este. His daughter Maria Rodriguez was the wife of Raymond Berenger IV Arnold Count of Barcelona [descended in the direct male line from Guibelin (Gui Alberic/Bellon/Yakar ben Judah) of Narbonne, the youngest son of Makhir Todros of Septimania]. Lain Calvo’s sister Ximena of Calalus married Fernan Nunez of the Counts of Amaya family. Some genealogists have confused the ancestors of this family of the El Cid.

The British Jewish Rhodans settled in Wales. In the 12th century their descendants in Wales went with Prince Madoc ap Owain to America where they established themselves in a series of forts in Alabama and Georgia. The ‘Alabama Welsh’ website states in regards to Prince Madoc: 

“…In 1170AD, ten small ships assembled off Lundy Island in the Bristol Channel, which flows between South Wales and Southern England. He and his ten ships were never heard from again. It was many years later when the archeological discovery of European style structures in the Southeast, built centuries before Columbus’ journey, prompted a review of the Welsh histories of Madoc’s voyage. A series of pre-Columbian, dressed stone fortifications built up the Alabama River were discovered by later settlers. Three major forts, completely unlike any known Indian structure, were constructed along the route that settlers arriving in Mobile Bay would have taken. The first fort, erected on top of Lookout Mountain, near Desoto Falls, Alabama was found to be nearly identical in setting, layout and method of construction to Dolwyddelan Castle in Gwynedd, the presumed birth place of Madoc of Wales…”. 

It is said that the white Indian tribe of the Mandan were the descendants of these Welsh settlers. The Basque and Portuguese descendants of the Latin Jewish Rhodans went to America after 1492. Another group of the Jewish Rhodans never left America and they eventually moved to the Appalachian Mountains and were later called the Melungeons. Prince Madoc was a descendant of King Jacob ben Israel ha Rhodri (or “the Rhodan”) (aka Iago ap Idwal) of Wales. King Jacob (Iago) of Gwynedd (1033-1039) was the brother of Lain Calvo (or Lancelin of Calalus)of Spain. His father was King Israel VII of Calalus (999-1018) not King Idwal of Gwynedd (950-979) as supposed in some genealogies.

Some researchers have sought to discredit the Tucson discoveries. They claim that it was the cult objects of a Freemason group because of the mixture of Jewish, Christian and Kabbalistic symbols and because of the poor use of Latin. However the Kabbalah came forth from the region of Septimania through the Makhiri family. Many other factors that were not commonly known in the 1920’s and the 19th century confirm for me that these discoveries are indeed genuine and they fit with the evidence from numerous other sources found in the mythology, legends, genealogies and histories of Spain, France, Ireland, and Britain among others. 

There are still many anti-semitic forces who do not want to see this Jewish connection with the history of America. The cult objects of the Nehushtan and the monstrance and chalices, menorah and the prominence of the Cross demonstrate the religion of Rhodan Calalus is a Jewish brand of Catholicism centred on Eucharistic Adoration themes. The Serpent (Nehushtan) raised in the wilderness is a Eucharistic symbol of the Messiah raised up on the Cross and also raised up in the Monstrance. 

Covey writes: 

“Besides the names of the kings, much else on gunbarrel blue to light-lead gray artifacts confirms the colony to be Jewish: a menorah with seven burning candles, a pair of Hebrew goblet-chalices (habdalah), incense spoons, burning incense…and words in carefully-drawn Hebrew script…Their central symbol of the cross, though not unknown to Jewish tradition, was atypical…two of the crosses were nehushtans…” 

The feathered Serpent associated with Topiltzin as priest of Quetzalcoatl recalls these Nehushtans that were the symbol of the religion of Rhodan Calalus. Topiltzin’s grandfather Makhir (Americ) Mixcoatl is also associated with the Serpent (nahash) and is known as the Cloud Serpent. These heavenly Serpents are the Seraphim of Jewish tradition. Topiltzin’s grandfather Mixcoatl is also associated with the colour ‘Red’- and rhoda means Red. In some accounts Mixcoatl is referred to as the father of Topiltzin but there is disagreement with this in other American Indian traditions.

Another reason that academics are so keen to dismiss these discoveries is they provide evidence that some dinosaurs lived in historic times as one of the swords discovered has a diplodocus dinosaur on it. The ruins of Angkor Wat in Asia also demonstrate that 800 years ago the builders of Angkor Wat knew what a Stegosaurus looked like long before the modern day discovery of dinosaur artifacts… [creationism tangent omitted]

Another 1925 article on the discovery states:

“The articles have been found at about the same level, that is, between five and six feet below the surface, and in a well- cemented stratum of caliche, the caliche, or lime formation, being so hard that it is necessary to chop each piece out with a pick. There is no evidence of burial, either in recent or in historic times; in fact, the articles have been covered by a natural process of the washing down of the debris from above, until time has resulted in building up of from five to six feet of overhead. The many scientists who have assisted in the research are unanimous in the opinion that the covering-over process has taken many hundreds of years; in fact, their conclusions tend to place the age of the relics at about the eighth century.”

Donald Panther-Yates in his book “Los Lunas Mystery Stone” also believes that the symbols on the objects have their source in the Kabbalah of the Frankish Roman Jewish Kingdom of Septimania rather than a later masonic source. He also sees Kabblaistic symbols on the Los Lunas Stone.

Dr. Covey has said in acommunication to Jack Andrews in 1999:

“Concerted efforts to discredit (the age of the find) have found no way to insert heavy lead objects up to 6 1/2 feet deep through caliche tolie flat, without fracturing the formation conspicuously”.

Ancestry of Prince Madoc

Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, (c. 1345 – c. 1400) son and heir of Sir William Sinclair, Lord of Roslin (see nearby Rosslyn chapel), was a Scottish nobleman, best known today because of a modern legend that he took part in explorations of Greenland and North America almost 100 years before Christopher Columbus.

Prince Madoc ab Owain Gwynedd (also spelled Madog) was, according to folklore, a Welsh prince who sailed to the Americas in 1170. (Some 50 years after Viking settlement L’Auxse Meadows was founded in 1120 AD)

See Calalus: A Jewish Catholic State in Early Medieval America

Taken heavily from ‘A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, 768–900′ by Arthur J. Zuckerman and Private Jewish records. Detailed history given by the anonymous priest in Calalus: A Jewish Catholic State in Early Medieval America‘. Citing from The Welsh Annales Cambriae, also Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth which was in turn derived from Gildas‘s 6th-century De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, Bede‘s 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, the 9th-century Historia Brittonum ascribed to Nennius, the 10th-century Annales Cambriae, medieval Welsh genealogies (such as the Harleian Genealogies) and king-lists, the poems of Taliesin, the Welsh tale Culhwch and Olwen

1. Makhir Todros ben Yehuda (Amorai/ Theodoric)[b. 710 d.765] Western Exilarch and Jewish King of Septimania.
2. Mar Nehemiah Theodorus ha Makhiri (Deitrich/Namon) [b. 735 d.790] Ruler of Ripaurien, Saxony, Bavaria (779-790) and King of Calalus (775- 779) Jewish King of Septimania (765-775) [Note the Ripuarii/Riparii were a unit who fought under the Roman Aetius, against Attila in ~450 AD. Thus Ripaurien Franks of the Rhineland may have called themselves after Aetius, and thus the inscription with Theodoru of Aetius, the Romani].
3. King Israel I Guriad ha Makhiri (Magnarvm) of Rhoda and Calalus (b.770 d.852) [brother of St. William Isaac of Gellone (b.755 d.814)] married Atala (Ethyl) daughter of Jacob (Iago) of Gwynedd and Bernicia King of Calalus (779-785) son of Cynan (Chunya) of Gwynedd.
4. King Israel II Magnarvm (ie. Merfyn Frych/ Mermin/ Merwan/ Makhiri) of Rhoda and Calalus (b.805 d.858) married Nest of Powys daughter of King Cadell
5. King Israel III Septimus of Rhoda and Calalus [b. 832 d.900] [brother of King Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd] married Ximena of Auvergne daughter of Makhir Bernard of Auvergne and Septimania [son of Warin of Macon b.779 son of St William of Gellone] and his wife Ava of the Spanish March [daughter of Solomon of the Spanish March]
6. Prince Isaac ha Nehushtan (Quetzalcoatl) of Rhoda Priest-King of the Toltecs [younger brother of King Israel IV of Rhoda and Calalus 883-920] [b.856 d.921]
7. Prince Makhir of Calalus (Meurig/ Mixcoatl of the Toltecs/ Americ) Priest-King of the Toltecs [b.900 d.974] [cousin of King Israel V of Rhoda and Calalus 920-955] married Chimalman (Ximena/ Chimena) daughter of Israel IV of Calalus
8. Isaac (Huacmar/ Huetzin) Priest-King of the Toltecs [b.930 d.977] [cousin of Israel VI of Calalus 955-994]
9. King Israel VII ha Nehushtan of Rhoda and Calalus 999-1018 Priest- King of the Toltecs 977-999 King of Gwynedd 1023-1033 (Idwal of Wales/ Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl of the Toltecs) [b.960 d.1033] married Ximena of Rhoda daughter and heiress of King Israel VI
10. King Iago ap Idwal (Jacob ben Israel ha Rhodri) of Gwynedd 1033-1039 [b.990 d.1039] [younger brother of Mar Isaac ha Nehushtan (Huacmar Quetzalcoatl) of the Toltecs and Prince Lancelin of Calalus (Lain Calvo of Castile)] married Sussanah of Barcelona
11. Prince Cynan ap Iago the Rhodan (Chunan ben Jacob ha Rhodri)[b.1020 d.1060] married Princess Ragnhild of Dublin
12. Gryffudd II ap Cynan King of Gwynedd (b.1055 d.1137)
13. King Owain I of Wales (Prince Madoc’s father. b.1100 d.1170)
14. Prince Madoc ap Owain of Gwynedd (b.1100? d.?) Prince Madoc ab Owain Gwynedd (also spelled Madog) was, according to folklore, a Welsh prince who sailed to the Americas in 1170

Rhodrigo El Cid (b.1043-d.1099) was Topiltzin’s great-grandson. Topiltzin’s son was called Lain Calvo (Lancelin of Calalus/Lachlan/Llewellyn). Rhodrigo El Cid and his father Diego Lainez (Jacob) married into the Davidic Exilarch family of Barcelona and Este. His daughter Maria Rodriguez was the wife of Raymond Berenger IV Arnold Count of Barcelona [descended in the direct male line from Guibelin (Gui Alberic/Bellon/Yakar ben Judah) of Narbonne, the youngest son of Makhir Todros of Septimania]

The British Jewish Rhodans settled in Wales. In the 12th century their descendants in Wales went with Prince Madoc ap Owain to America where they established themselves in a series of forts in Alabama and Georgia. The ‘Alabama Welsh’ website states in regards to Prince Madoc: 

“…In 1170AD, ten small ships assembled off Lundy Island in the Bristol Channel, which flows between South Wales and Southern England. He and his ten ships were never heard from again. It was many years later when the archeological discovery of European style structures in the Southeast, built centuries before Columbus’ journey, prompted a review of the Welsh histories of Madoc’s voyage. A series of pre-Columbian, dressed stone fortifications built up the Alabama River were discovered by later settlers. Three major forts, completely unlike any known Indian structure, were constructed along the route that settlers arriving in Mobile Bay would have taken. The first fort, erected on top of Lookout Mountain, near Desoto Falls, Alabama was found to be nearly identical in setting, layout and method of construction to Dolwyddelan Castle in Gwynedd, the presumed birth place of Madoc of Wales…”. 

It is said that the white Indian tribe of the Mandan were the descendants of these Welsh settlers. The Basque and Portuguese descendants of the Latin Jewish Rhodans went to America after 1492.

Calalus Artefacts and King Benjamin

(Check out how crazy close to the Book of Mormon this story is.. especially when combined with the Kolbrin/Ixtlilxochitl accounts of the giants/Olmec who I already suspected was Mosiah liberating the people of Zarahemla. Also combine with the time confusion I detail below..

Above and below the first person (left lobe of the cross) were the words “Britannia,” “Albion,” and “Jacobus.” 

Above and below the second person (center): “Romani,” “Aetius,” and “Theodorus.”

Above and below the third person (right lobe): “Gaul,” “Seine,” and “Israel.”

The above inscriptions are interpreted to represent three sequential kings or rulers, listed with the region & country of their heritage. So Jacobus of Albion (Dover) England, then Israel of of Seine (Paris area) in France. With the identity/ heritage of Theodorus being far more cryptic — Aetius being the name of a fifth century Roman general from Romania/Bulgaria (who fought extensively in France, and might have been named after a region of the same name in Romania? (Although Romani typically refers to an indo-European people or gypsies displaced into Europe from the Punjab of India). The first Visigoth King Theodoric I, joined forces with General Aetius in 451 to fight the Huns (and Vandals). Also of note, Theodoric the Great was an revered Gothic king from 470-526 AD whose statue was moved in 801 A.D. by Charlemagne from Ravenna, Italy to Aachen Germany by Charlemagne. Making him a cultural hero of the time, and a favorite Gothic name. So these names might have been re-used in the 800’s as a form of cultural nationalism.

The following final inscription which speaks of fourth century events seems to support this theory.

If we assume this was written with the others around 800-900 AD then the attack on Rome spoken of would be around 300-400 AD. Could it be referring some battles associated with the Vandal Sack of Rome in 410 AD, and the shoring of the Walls by Emperor Honorius in 401 AD? Or perhaps more likely the famous walls of Ravenna (new Rome) in 402 AD, ‘built up’ as the new Roman capital by Emperor Honorius who ‘laid the foundations’. Note that Attila the Hun’s dad’s name was Benjamin, and Attila fought Aetius in Gaul, and attacked Rome in 452, and made a deal with the Pope where he got a kingdom? (He died or disappeared the next year.)

A wilder possibility however, is that this is written around 360 AD, and ‘500 years [before]’ refers to about 140 BC, when King Benjamin in the Book of Mormon happened. Do you see how wild it is that these numbers are even possibilities, (whether accurate or off). The ‘foundation of the city’ and ‘wall’ could easily be the Parisii settlment or oppidum/walled fort on the banks of the Seine built between 250 and 225 BC. Wikipedia states,

“Between 250 and 225 BC, during the Iron Age, the Parisii settled on the banks of the Seine. At the beginning of the 2nd century BC, they built an oppidum, a walled fort, whose location is disputed. It may have been on the Île de la Cité, where bridges of an important trading route crossed the Seine. In his account of the Gallic wars, Julius Caesar recorded meeting with the leaders of the Parisii on an island in the Seine. Other historians cite an absence of traces of an early Gallic settlement on the island, and believe the oppidum was actually in Nanterre, in the Paris suburbs, where vestiges of a large settlement were discovered during construction of a highway in the 1980s” The settlement was called “Lucotocia” (according to the ancient Greek geographer Strabo) or “Leucotecia” (according to Roman geographer Ptolemy)”

The ‘Thebans’ could be some type of alliance between the Carthaginians and Greeks? (-lance)

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Among the the artefacts found in Tucson Arizona known as the Calalus Artefacts is found an inscription in which it describes a great leader called King Benjamin who is both a Gaul and from Seine. The Latin text has been translated as: 

Benjamin was king of the people. They came from Seine to Rome. The bravest of the Gauls. He came to the assistance of the people to lay the foundation of the city. He built a wall around the city to resist the enemy. Benjamin mighty in strength he filled the multitude with religion. He was slain by the Thebans. I heard this from my father five hundred years after, behind the mountain. In memory of his father.

Some researchers have read this as a Jewish king called Benjamin that came from the Seine River in France to Rome to build the Aurelian Wall in the 3rd century AD. In fact this legend is set not 500 years before the time of OL but more like 1400-1500 before OL and in the early 4th century BC. Certain speculations have been made of the meaning of OL but there is a Welsh name Ol who was the son of Olwydd (meaning Track son of Tracker) in the Arthurian literature. Could it be a pun that he refers to himself as the one that will “track” the history of his people.

This Benjamin was also known as Brennius or Brennus who attacked Rome in 390 BC and the Wall was not the Aurelian Wall but possiby the Servian Wall. However it is not clear if the text is referring to the walls of Rome or Rhoda. Benjamin or Brennius was the war leader of the Gauls and King of the Senones (the Seine of the artefact).

The Senones are descendants of the Tribe of Simeon and belong to R1b DF27 y-dna. Among the settlers of Calalus there are many descendants of the Senones Tribe as is probably OL (the scribe of the Calalus artefacts) and his father. This Benjamin or Brennius should not be confused with the later Milesian leader Breoghan or Brennius who led the combined Gaelic and Celtic forces against the Greeks in the Balkans in 280 BC.

It is also very likely that the Roman writers and the legends based on their accounts confused the events of the attack of Brennius on Rome with his conquering of Calalus from the Olmecs in the sources they drew on for their histories. They have mistakenly identified Clusium in Italy with Calalus in America. 

Thus it would seem that the Jewish King Benjamin of the Senones was the leader of the Jewish Simeonites that moved to Gaul after the destruction of the Jewish Temple and then united the Gauls and attacked Rome and rebuilt its walls. Then with a combined army of Senones, other Gauls and Romans they sailed to America and Calalus and conquered the city of Rhoda. It was at this time they first encountered the ancestors of the Frisians, Angles and Chauci of R1b U106 Z381 y-dna descended from the Tribe of Zebulon . It may have been this force under the leadership of Benjamin that freed them from Olmec overlordship. 

In the past I had thought that the Roman connection with Calalus had occurred around 100 BC under the Roman Jewish leader Silvanus (Solomon), now I think it may be that Silvanus came to reinforce the already existing but embattled Senones-Roman colony. Thus the first Roman contact occurred in the 4th century BC around 380 BC. The Roman accounts of the attack of the Senones on Clusium need a new and revised reading. It would seem that the Calalusians were led by a man called Aruns or Aaron who would be the possible leader of the oppressed Zebulonites (Zapotecas). The Olmec or Toltec King or Governor of Calalus (the Ku) was called Lucumo by the Romans. Were these Olmec/Toltecs connected to the Etruscans? We do know they both practiced the cult of human sacrifice.

Could the walls that Benjamin built or rebuilt be the limestone city and walls of Rhoda in Calalus rather than Rome? Was the enemy the Olmecs or Toltecs? Was it the Olmecs or Toltecs that were the Thebans that killed Benjamin? Some scholars think that the whole story of Clusium was fiction as it didn’t fit the events in Italy at that time. However this is because it was in fact about the events occurring in far away Calalus.

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https://calalus.blogspot.com/2023/12/jeanson-and-lost-history-of-north.html

The timeline I may not agree with totally but I think in this case that Jeanson basically has it right. These Tribes are entering the area of the USA after 1000 AD when the former white population (as I discuss in other posts such as Calalus etc) has been slaughtered or fled with only a small number of white survivors in the Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia area and possibly some hidden in the Appalachian Mountains. The white Kingdoms, Principalities and Queendoms were overrun by Toltec-Olmec (Talegs/ Otagil/ Tagil) peoples of mainly Q1a y-dna of the Ishmaelites in Mexico. Q y-dna used to be divided into Q1a and Q1b but now Q1b- L275 y-dna is called Q2 and the old Q1a y-dna became Q1a-MEH2 and Q1b-M346 (but is now called Q1a2). 

One group of the Toltecs or Tolteca moved north from Mexico and drove the white population out of Arizona and surrounding areas known as Calalus. The Chontal Tabascan  branch of the Toltecas landed in their ships and established a base near Tampa in Florida and from there drove the Mayans and possibly Cododuans out of America. At this stage it is not clear to me if it was the Toltecas coming from the west or the Chontals from the east, that destroyed the Cadodu Queendom and assimilated the women and some of the men into the Tolteca group that established Cahokia (Talega). [After watching Jeanson’s 3rd presentation he seems to answer that for me.]

Biography of Author ____

“When I was studying my teaching degree at the Australian Catholic University in Melbourne in 1990…I did a course on Biblical Hebrew at Melbourne University before 1990. When I was at the Australian Catholic University in 1993 to complete my education… in 1995 I studied Biblical Greek for the first time. I also studied Modern Hebrew in Jerusalem in two Uphans in 2002 and 2008. I would later in my Masters of Theological Studies degree between 2016-2019 study Hebrew, Greek, Latin and Aramaic.” (link)

His Geological (creationist) timeline is unworkable (because he believes Cambrian to Permian deposits are the flood), but otherwise is the closest to one thats actually workable that I’ve ever seen… (read it here)

More interesting takes on Calulus history (link here)

He Seems to Study Archaeology a Good Bit

“We know that around 100 AD the Romans were already experimenting and using see through glass windows. Did these Brochs originally have a partially glass roof that let in the light? Were the stone walls also given a daub and whitewashing coating to make them more water resistant? Did they add ochre (limonite) to this mixture to give the Brochs a golden -yellow appearance with a shining glass roof, which looked like a giant shining pearl from the distance. At the excavations of the Glastonbury Lake Village archeologists have found fragments of hard backed yellow clay, which is believed to be daub from the roundhouse buildings at this site. Thus it is likely that the Grail Chapel on Glastonbury Tor also had this yellow coloured daub and is why the later Brochs also used this kind of yellow ochre.”

Perhaps one of the most amazing talks by Thomas B. Monson on faith, loving each other, living each day to the fullest.

link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMi_-khK6CA

https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/1978/04/evidence-of-things-not-seen?lang=eng

https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/1986/10/god-will-yet-reveal?lang=eng