Egyptian Pharaoh Kinglist Parallel

As mentioned on the Manetho excerpts page there are no surviving copies of the original Manetho, we must rely upon excerpts and fragments copied by later authors. The four of any significance were Eusebius, Syncellus, Africanus and Josephus. Below are the excerpts of Manetho preserved in their respective larger works.

To read their full works (and not just the Manetho excerpts see the following links.
Eusebius Chronicle (Public Domain Armenian Version by Robert Bedrosian, King lists starts on page p.39) Or download it as a pdf file. 

The transcription of the word ka became kheres in Greek, and the -ra at the end of a name was dropped, so that Men-kau-ra → Men-kheres.

Dynasty 1

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	8 kings, 253 years1			8 kings, 2522 years3
Narmer	1	Menes	62	1	Menes	604
Aha	2	Athothis	57	2	Athotis	27
Djer	3	Kenkenes	31	3	Kenkenes	39
Djet	4	Ouenephes	23	4	Ouenephes	42
Den	5	Ousaphaidos	20	5	Ousaphais	20
Adjib	6	Miebidos	26	6	Niebais	26
Semerkhet	7	Semempses	18	7	Semempses5	18
Qa’a	8	Bienekhes	26	8	Oubienthes	26
1 The correct sum is 263 years 2 The correct sum is 258 years 3 Armenian Eusebius: 270 years 4 Armenian Eusebius: 30 years. 5 Armenian Eusebius: Memphses.

Dynasty 2

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	9 kings of Memphis, 302 years			9 kings, 297 years
Hotepsekhemwy	1	Boethos	38	1	Bokhos	–
Nebra	2	Kaiekhos	39	2	Khoös1	–
Ninetjer	3	Binothris	47	3	Biophis	–
Wadjnes	4	Tlas	17	4	–	–
Senedj	5	Sethenes	41	5	–	–
?	6	Khaeres	17	6	–	–
Sneferka	7	Nepherkheres	25	7	–	–
Neferkasokar	8	Sesokhris	48	8	Sesokhris	48
Khasekhemwy	9	Kheneres	30	9	Kheneres	30
1 Armenian Eusebius: Kekhoos

Dynasty 3

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	9 kings of Memphis, 214 years			8 kings of Memphis, 198 years
Nebka	1	Nekherophes	28	1	Nekherokhis	–
Djoser	2	Tosorthros	29	2	Sesorthos	–
Sekhemkhet	3	Tyreis	7	3	–	–
Mesochris	4	Mesokhris	17	4	–	–
?	5	Souphis	16	5	–	–
?	6	Tosertasis	19	6	–	–
?	7	Akhes	42	7	–	–
?	8	Sephouris	30	8	–	–
?	9	Kerpheres	26

Dynasty 4

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	8 kings of Memphis, 277 years1			17 kings of Memphis, 448 years
Snoferu	1	Soris	29	–	–	–
Khufu	2	Souphis	63	3	Souphis	–
Khafra	3	Souphis	66	–	–	–
Menkaura	4	Menkheres	63	–	–	–
Djedefra	5	Rhatoises	25	–	–	–
Baufra	6	Bikheres	22	–	–	–
Shepseskaf	7	Seberkheres	7	–	–	–
Thamphthis	8	Thamphthis	9	–	–	–
1 The correct sum is 284 years

Dynasty 5

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	8 kings of Elephantine, 248 years1			31 kings of Elephantine, 100 years2
Userkaf	1	Ouserkheres	28	1	Othoës3	–
Sahura	2	Sephres	13	–	–	–
Neferirkara I Kakai	3	Nepherkheres	20	–	–	–
Shepseskara Netjeruser	4	Sisires	7	4	Phiops3	94
Neferefra Isi	5	Kheres	20	–	–	–
Niuserra Ini	6	Rhathoures	44	–	–	–
Menkauhor Kaiu	7	Menkheres	9	–	–	–
Djedkara Isesi	8	Tankheres	44	–	–	–
Unas	9	Onnos	33	–	–	–
1 The sum of the items given is 218 years. 2 Eusebius simply added 100 years for this dynasty in the total with the previous dynasties 3 Eusebius’ fifth dynasty kings actually belong to the sixth

Dynasty 6

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	6 kings of Memphis, 203 years1			203 years2
Teti	1	Othoes	30	1	Othoes3	–
Pepi I	2	Phios	53
Nemtiemsaf I	3	Methusouphis	7
Pepi II	4	Phiops	94	4	Phiops3	94
Nemtiemsaf II	5	Menthesouphis	1
Netjerikara	6	Nitokris ♀	12	?	Nitokris ♀	–
1 The sum of the items given is 197 years, probably added 100 instead of 94 for Phiops 2 No mention of number of kings, nor the capital. Only names Nitocris as part of the Sixth dynasty 3 Eusebius’ lists these kings in his fifth dynasty

Dynasty 7

Africanus	Eusebius
70 kings of Memphis ruled for 70 days	5 kings of Memphis ruled for 75 days1
No names mentioned
1 Armenian Eusebius has 75 years instead of 75 days

Dynasty 8

Africanus	Eusebius
27 kings of Memphis, 146 years	5 kings of Memphis, 100 years
No names mentioned

Dynasty 9

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	19 kings of Herakleopolis , 409 years			4 kings of Herakleopolis , 100 years
Wahkara Khety II	1	Akhthoës	–	1	Akhthoës	–

Dynasty 10

Africanus	Eusebius
19 kings of Herakleopolis , 185 years
No names mentioned

Dynasty 11

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	16 kings of Thebes, 43 years1
	#	–	43	#	–	43
1 Sixteen kings ruled for 43 years, then Ammenemes for 16 years.

Between dynasties

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
Amenemhat I	16	Ammenemes	16	16	Ammenemes	16
Ammenemes was placed outside the dynasties – and not part of the Twelfth Dynasty, due to errors by the redactor of the Epitome.

Dynasty 12

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	7 kings of Diospolis, 160 years			7 kings of Diospolis, 245 years1
Senusret I	1	Sesonkhosis	46	1	Sesonkhosis	46
Amenemhat II	2	Ammanemes	38	2	Ammanemes	38
Senusret II + Senusret III	3	Sesostris	48	3	Sesostris	48
Amenemhat III	4	Lakhares	8	4	Lamaris	8
?	5	Ammeres	8	5	–	42
?	6	Ammenemes	8	6	–
Neferusobek	7	Skemiophris ♀	4	7	–
1 The correct sum is 182 years. Note: The redactor of the Epitome failed to understand that Manetho’s narrative contained not only four kings named Amenemmes, and three kings named Sestoris, but most of them also had coregencies with their sons. This confusion of the identity of the kings and their reigns resulted in disarray – from Ammenemes to Skemiophris.

Dynasty 13

Africanus	Eusebius
60 kings of Diospolis, 453 years
No names mentioned

Dynasty 14

Africanus	Eusebius
76 kings of Xois, 184 years	76 kings of Xois, 184 years1
No names mentioned
1 Armenian Eusebius: 484 years. Syncellus noted that another copy of Eusebius had 284 years.

Dynasty 15

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius1
	6 shepherd kings from Phoenicia, 284 years			Kings of Diospolis, 250 years2
Salitis	1	Saites	19	1	Saites*	19
Beon	2	Bnon	44	2	Bnon*	40
Apachnas	3	Pakhnan	61
Khyan	4	Staan	50
Khamudy	5	Arkhles	61	43	Archles*	30
Apepi	6	Aphobis	49	33	Aphophis*	14
* Eusebius place these kings in his seventeenth dynasty. Placed here for the sake of comparision with Africanus. 1 Eusebius place these kings in his seventeenth dynasty. The the two dynasties were likely interchanged. 2 from Eusebius’ 17th dynasty: foreign kings from Phoenicia who seized Memphis, 103 years 3 Armenian Eusebius: Aphophis reigned before Arkhles.

Dynasty 16

Africanus	Eusebius
32 shepherd kings, 518 years	5 kings of Thebes, 190 years
No names mentioned

Dynasty 17

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius1
	43 shepherd kings and 43 kings of Diospolis (Thebes), 151 years2			4 shepherd kings of Memphis, 103 years
–	–	–	–	1	Saites*	19
–	–	–	–	2	Bnon*	40
–	–	–	–	3	Aphophis*	14
–	–	–	–	4	Archles*	30
1 Eusebius’ Dynasty XV has: Kings of Diospolis, 250 years. The two dynasties were likely interchanged. 2 The redactor of the epitome clearly misunderstood a summation by compounding two separate dynasties into one.

Dynasty 18

The reigns and names of this dynasty is quite confusing. This was likely due to there being four Amenhoteps and four Thutmoses, which were misunderstood by the writer of the Epitome. Add to that the already obscure Amarna Period and then the coregencies between kings.
Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius			Jerome			Josephus 1
	16 kings of Diospolis, 263 years			14 kings of Diospolis,2 348 years			Kings of Diospolis, 348 years			246 years3
Ahmose I	1	Amos	–	1	Amosis	25	1	Amosis	25	Tethmosis	25/4
Thutmose II	2	Khebros	13	2	Khebron	13	2	Chebron	13	Khebron	13
Amenhotep I	3	Amenophthis	244	3	Ammenophis	21	3	Ammenophis	21	Amenophis	20/7
Hatshepsut	4	Amensis	22							Amesses ♀	21/9
Thutmose I	5	Misaphris	13	4	Miphres5	12	4	Mephres	12	Mephres	12/9
Thutmose III	6	Misphragmouthosis	26	5	Misphragmouthosis	26	5	Mispharmuthosis	26	Mephramuthosis	25/10
Thutmose IV	7	Touthmosis	9	6	Touthmosis	9	6	Thmosis	9	Thmosis	9/8
Amenhotep II	8	Amenophis	31	7	Amenophis	31	7	Ammenophis	31	Amenophis	30/10
Amenhotep III	9	Oros	37	8	Oros	366	8	Orus	38	Oros	36/5
Neferneferuaten7	10	Akherres	32	9	Akhenkherses	128	9	Achencheres	12	Akenkheres ♀	12/1
Tutankhamun?	11	Rhathos	6	10	Athoris9	39	10	Achoris	9	Rhathotis	9
?	12	Khebres	12	11	Khenkheres9	16	11	Chenchres	16	Akenkheres	12/5
?	13	Akherres	12	12	Akherres	8	12	Acherres	8	Akenkheres	12/3
?				13	Kherres	15	13	Cherres	15
Horemheb	14	Armesis	5	14	Armais	5	14	Armais	5	Armais	4/1
	15	Rhamesses10	1	15	Rhamesses11	68	15	Remesses	68
	16	Amenophath	19	16	Amenophis	40	16	Menophis	40
1 Josephus did not indicate any kind of dynastic numbering, and thus no dynastic breaks. 2 The list contain 16 kings, not 14. 3 Added together for comparision (240 years plus 72 months.) 4 Goar emended this to 21 to fit with the summation: ‘Total 69 years from Amos to the rule of Misphragmouthosis’. 5 Armenian Eusebius: Misphres 6 Armenian Eusebius: 38 years 7 Josephus write that this ruler was female, which then can only mean Neferneferuaten. 8 Armenian Eusebius: 16 years 9 Armenian Eusebius: Athoris and Khenkheres names of Eusebius absent, Akherres follow directly after Akhenkherses 10 Probably Ramesses I of the 19th dynasty, based on the length of his known reign. 11 Probably Ramesses II of the 19th dynasty, based on the length of his known reign.

Dynasty 19

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	6 kings of Diospolis, 209 years1			5 kings of Diospolis, 194 years
Seti I	1	Sethos	51	1	Sethos	55
Ramesses II	2	Rhapsakes	61	2	Rhampses	66
Merenptah	3	Amenephthes	20	3	Ammenephthis	402
?	4	Rhamesses	60
Amenmesse	5	Ammenemnes	5	4	Ammenemes	26
Tausret	6	Thouoris	7	5	Thouoris	7
1 The sum of the items given is 204 years 2 Armenian Eusebius has 8 years

Dynasty 20

Africanus	Eusebius
12 kings of Thebes, 135 years	12 kings of Thebes, 178 years
No names mentioned

Dynasty 21

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	7 kings of Tanis, 130 years1			7 kings of Tanis, 130 years
Smendes I	1	Smendes	26	1	Smendis	26
Psusennes I	2	Psousennes	46	2	Psousennes	41
Amenemnesut	3	Nephelkheres	4	3	Nepherkheres	4
Amenemope	4	Amenophthis	9	4	Ammenophthis	9
Osochor	5	Osokhor	6	5	Osokhor	6
Siamun	6	Psinakhes	9	6	Psinakhes	9
Psusennes II	7	Psousennes	14	7	Psousennes	35
1 The sum of the items given is 114 years

Dynasty 22

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	9 kings of Bubastis, 120 years1			3 kings of Bubastis, 49 years
Shoshenq I	1	Sesonkhosis	21	1	Sesonkhosis	21
Osorkon I	2	Osorthon	15	2	Osorthon	15
–	3-5	–	25
Takelot I	6	Takelothis	13	3	Takelothis	13
–	7-9	–	42
1 The sum of the items given is 116 years

Dynasty 23

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	4 kings of Tanis, 89 years			3 kings of Tanis, 44 years
Pedubast I	1	Petubates	40	1	Petubastis	25
Osorkon III	2	Osorkho	8	2	Osorthon	9
?	3	Psammus	10	3	Psammus	10
	4	Zet1	31
1 The name Zet might be a contraction of Ζητειται (“there is a question”), with the implication that the name is uncertain/unknown.

Dynasty 24

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
Bakenrenef	1	Bokhkhoris	6	1	Bokhkhoris	44

Dynasty 25

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	3 Ethiopian kings, 40 years			3 Ethiopian kings, 44 years
Shabaka	1	Sabakon	8	1	Sabakon	12
Shebitko	2	Sebikhos	14	2	Sebikhos	12
Taharqa	3	Tarkos	18	3	Tarakos	20

Dynasty 26

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	9 kings of Sais, 150 years, 6 months			9 kings of Sais, 167 years
				1	Ammeris the Ethiopian	121
?	1	Stephinates	7	2	Stephinathis	7
?	2	Nekhepsos	6	3	Nekhepsos	6
?	3	Nekhao	8	4	Nekhao	8
Psamtik I	4	Psammetikhos	54	5	Psammetikhos	452
Necho II	5	Nekhao II	6	6	Nekhao II	33
Psamtik II	6	Psammouthis	6	7	Psammouthis	17
Apries	7	Ouaphris	19	8	Ouaphris	25
Amasis	8	Amosis	44	9	Amosis	42
Psamtik III	9	Psammekherites	6m
1 Armenian Eusebius has 18 years. 2 Armenian Eusebius has 44 years. 3 Armenian Eusebius has 6 years.

Dynasty 27

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	8 Persian kings, 124 years, 4 months			8 Persian kings, 120 years, 4 months
Cambyses II	1	Kambyses	6	1	Kambyses	3
				2	Magoi	7m
Darius I	2	Dareios	36	3	Dareios	36
Xerxes I	3	Xerxes the Great	21	4	Xerxes	21
Artabanos	4	Artabanos	7m	–	–	–
Artaxerxes I	5	Artaxerxes	41	5	Artaxerxes	40
Xerxes II	6	Xerxes	2m	6	Xerxes II	2m
Sogdianos	7	Sogdianos	7m	7	Sogdianos	7m
Darius II	8	Dareios	19	8	Dareios	191
1 Armenian Eusebius has 19 months instead of years.

Dynasty 28

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
Amyrtaeus	1	Amyrteos	6	1	Amurtaios	6

Dynasty 29

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	4 kings of Mendes, 20 years, 4 months			4 kings of Mendes, 21 years, 4 months1
Nepherites I	1	Nepherites	6	1	Nepherites	6
Achoris	2	Akhoris	13	2	Akhoris	13
Psammuthis	3	Psammouthis	1	3	Psammouthis	1
Nepherites II	4	Nepherites	4m	4	Nepherites	4m
				5	Mouthis 2	1
1 Reigns equal the sum of the five listed kings, despite summary mentioning only four, suggesting one was an usurper. 2 Armenian Eusebius place Mouthis directly after Psammouthis.

Dynasty 30

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	3 kings of Sebennytos, 38 years			3 kings of Sebennytos, 20 years
Nectanebo I	1	Nektanebes	18	1	Nektanebes	10
Djedhor Teos I	2	Teos	2	2	Teos	2
Nectanebo II	3	Nektanebus	18	3	Nektanebos	8

Dynasty 31

Pharaoh	Africanus			Eusebius
	3 Persian kings, 9 years			3 Persian kings, 16 years
Artaxerxes III	1	Okhos	2	1	Okhos	6
Arses	2	Arses	3	2	Arses	4
Darius III	3	Dareios	4	3	Dareios	6

The lists of Africanus and Eusebius both end with the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great.

Copied & adapted from Lundström, Peter. (2011). PHARAOH.SE Available at: https://pharaoh.se [Accessed July. 2023]. The man, the lagend, may his name be immortalized and forever blessed.

Bibliography

• Karst, J.: Eusebius Werke 5: Die Chronik aus dem Armenischen übersetzt mit textkritischem Kommentar, GCS 20. (Leipzig: 1911)
• Adler, W. and Tuffin, P.: The Chronography of George Synkellos, (Oxford: 2002)
• Waddell, W. G.: Manetho, (Cambridge, Mass; London: 1940, Ed. 1964)
• Mosshammer, Alden. A. (ed.): Georgii Syncelli Ecloga chronographica, (Berlin, Boston: 1984)